Why must friction head losses be restricted in a water piping system?

Friction head losses in a water piping system are critical to consider as they directly impact the pressure available at the most remote outlet. When water flows through pipes, it experiences resistance due to friction with the pipe walls, which can result in a significant drop in pressure. If these friction losses are excessive, the pressure may diminish to a point where it does not satisfy the required demand at various points of use, especially at the most remote outlets. Ensuring that friction head losses are restricted is therefore essential to maintain adequate pressure throughout the system during peak flow demands. This ensures that all outlets receive the necessary flow and pressure for proper operation, fulfilling the system's design objectives effectively.

While the reduction of energy consumption of pumps, maintenance of a uniform flow rate, and prevention of water stagnation are important considerations in plumbing design, the primary reason for managing friction head losses is to ensure that there is sufficient pressure available at critical points throughout the system.