Which device was previously used to control hydraulic shock but was later deemed ineffective?

Air chambers were historically employed to mitigate hydraulic shock, a phenomenon that occurs when water suddenly stops or changes direction in a piping system. The primary function of air chambers is to absorb the shockwave created by such events, intending to reduce the pressure surges that can cause damage to pipes and fixtures.

However, over time, it became evident that air chambers had limitations that rendered them ineffective in many applications. One significant drawback is that air chambers can lose their effectiveness due to the gradual absorption of air into the water, resulting in a loss of cushioning capability. Additionally, air chambers can become waterlogged, further diminishing their ability to absorb shock.

Modern plumbing systems often prefer alternatives such as expansion tanks or surge tanks, which provide more reliable and consistent performance in controlling hydraulic shock. These devices are designed to handle pressure fluctuations more effectively, ensuring system integrity and longevity.