What type of characteristic curve should all pumps in a multiple pump system ideally have?

In a multiple pump system, having a continuously rising characteristic curve is ideal because it ensures that as the flow rate increases, the head developed by the pump also increases. This characteristic promotes better performance across a range of operating conditions, allowing for efficient operation when pumps are operating in parallel. A continuously rising curve indicates that the pump can handle varying flow rates effectively, providing the necessary head without significant performance loss.

This type of curve is advantageous in a multiple pump system because it allows pumps to easily share the load based on their performance characteristics. When pumps have rising curves, any additional pump that is brought online will be able to contribute effectively to the system, and variations in flow demand can be met without risking inefficiencies or cavitation.

When looking at the other options, a constant efficiency curve would suggest no change in performance with varying flow, which does not account for the needs of a dynamic system. A flat characteristic curve indicates limited or no change in the head with increased flow, leading to potential imbalances in load distribution among the pumps. A declining characteristic curve would result in reduced head as flow increases, which could lead to performance issues and inefficiencies, particularly in meeting system demands. Thus, the preference for a continuously rising characteristic curve reflects the need for