What is the principle of gravity circulation utilized to prevent in sanitary systems?

The principle of gravity circulation in sanitary systems is primarily utilized to prevent foul odors, slime, and fungi from accumulating within the system. This principle relies on the natural force of gravity to facilitate the movement of wastewater through drainage systems, ensuring that the flow is continuous and that waste is transported effectively away from the source.

When waste is allowed to stagnate due to insufficient flow, it creates ideal conditions for foul odors to develop along with an environment conducive to the growth of bacteria, slime, and fungi. Proper design and adherence to the principle of gravity circulation help maintain a steady flow, reducing the likelihood of stagnation. This is essential for the overall hygiene, safety, and functionality of sanitary systems.

Addressing the other options: While leaking pipes, water hammer, and excess pressure buildup can cause issues in plumbing systems, they are not primarily mitigated through the principle of gravity circulation. Instead, these issues relate more to the mechanical aspects of plumbing design and system pressure management.