What are the two methods of determining peak demand for domestic water systems?

The two methods of determining peak demand for domestic water systems are the Empirical method and the Method of Probability.

The Empirical method relies on historical data and observations to determine water usage patterns and predict peak demand. This involves analyzing past consumption data to derive realistic estimates based on observed trends in similar residential settings. It provides a basis for understanding how much water will likely be used at the highest demand times, such as early mornings or evenings when residents are typically at home using water.

On the other hand, the Method of Probability considers the likelihood of simultaneous water use by multiple fixtures or users within a domestic water system. By applying statistical principles, this method estimates peak demand based on the probability of several water fixtures being in use at the same time. This approach helps in designing systems that can accommodate the maximum expected simultaneous demand without over-sizing the infrastructure.

When utilized together, these two methods offer a comprehensive understanding of domestic water demand, making them essential for effective plumbing design.